By Dr. Ankur SinghUpdated:

रिकेट्स क्या है? (Rickets Meaning in Hindi)

रिकेट्स (Rickets) बच्चों में होने वाला एक bone disorder है जिसमें हड्डियाँ soft, कमज़ोर, और टेढ़ी हो जाती हैं। ये mainly Vitamin D, Calcium, या Phosphate की कमी से होता है। India में ये problem जितनी common है, उतनी awareness नहीं है, बहुत से parents तब तक नहीं जानते जब तक बच्चे के पैर टेढ़े न दिखने लगें या growth slow न हो जाए।

मेरे clinic में rickets के cases regular आते हैं, mainly urban areas से, जहाँ बच्चे धूप में कम निकलते हैं, indoor activities ज्यादा करते हैं, और diet में calcium-rich foods कम होते हैं।

Rickets का मतलब क्या है?

Rickets एक ऐसी condition है जिसमें बच्चों की growing bones properly mineralize (मज़बूत) नहीं हो पातीं। हड्डियों को hard और strong बनने के लिए calcium और phosphorus चाहिए — और इन minerals को absorb करने के लिए Vitamin D ज़रूरी है।

जब Vitamin D कम होता है → calcium absorption कम → हड्डियों को building material नहीं मिलता → हड्डियाँ soft रहती हैं → body weight के pressure में bend हो जाती हैं।

Adults में similar condition को Osteomalacia कहते हैं। Rickets specifically बच्चों की बीमारी है क्योंकि उनकी हड्डियाँ grow कर रही होती हैं और growth plates open होती हैं।

कारण

1. Vitamin D की कमी, सबसे Common कारण

Sunlight exposure कम:

  • शहरी बच्चे apartments में रहते हैं, बाहर खेलने नहीं जाते
  • School, tuition, homework, indoor ही रहते हैं
  • Air pollution UV-B rays block करता है (Delhi-NCR, Mumbai जैसे cities में ये significant problem है)
  • Dark skin tone — melanin ज्यादा होने से vitamin D synthesis कम efficient

Diet में कमी:

  • Vitamin D naturally बहुत कम foods में मिलता है, fatty fish, egg yolks, fortified milk
  • Exclusively breastfed infants, breast milk में vitamin D बहुत कम होता है। 6 months से ज्यादा exclusive breastfeeding without vitamin D supplement rickets risk बढ़ाता है

2. Calcium की कमी

Indian diet, especially vegetarian, में calcium often insufficient होता है। बच्चों को daily 500-1300 mg calcium चाहिए (age dependent), और बहुत से बच्चे इसका आधा भी नहीं ले रहे।

3. rare genetic causes

कुछ बच्चों में genetic disorders होते हैं जो vitamin D या phosphate metabolism affect करते हैं — Vitamin D resistant rickets, X-linked hypophosphatemia। ये rare हैं लेकिन standard treatment से respond नहीं करते।

लक्षण, कैसे पहचानें?

शुरुआती signs (अक्सर miss हो जाते हैं):

  • Irritability, बच्चा बिना वजह चिड़चिड़ा रहता है
  • देर से चलना शुरू करना
  • Muscle weakness — बच्चा जल्दी थक जाता है
  • बालों का पीछे से गिरना (head के पीछे bald patch), ये pillow पर रगड़ने से होता है (restlessness/sweating)
  • ज्यादा पसीना आना, especially सिर पर

Advanced signs:

  • पैरों का टेढ़ा होना — Bow legs (O-shape) या Knock knees (X-shape)
  • Rachitic rosary, chest के ribs की हड्डियों पर गोल-गोल उभार दिखना (beading)
  • Harrison's sulcus, lower chest में groove बनना (diaphragm pulling soft ribs)
  • Wrist widening — कलाई चौड़ी दिखना (growth plate broadening)
  • Craniotabes, खोपड़ी की हड्डी soft/thin होना (ping-pong ball जैसा feel)
  • देर से दाँत आना और दाँत कमज़ोर होना
  • Height कम रहना, growth affected
  • Fractures — मामूली चोट से हड्डी टूटना

Diagnosis

Blood tests:

  • Vitamin D (25-OH): Normal >30 ng/mL। Rickets में usually <20, अक्सर <10
  • Calcium: Low या borderline low
  • Phosphorus: Low
  • Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): High, ये active bone disease indicate करता है
  • Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): High, body calcium maintain करने के लिए PTH बढ़ाता है जो bones से calcium निकालता है

X-Ray (Wrist/Knee):

Rickets के classic X-ray findings:

  • Growth plate widening और fraying (brush-like appearance)
  • Cupping — metaphysis cup-shaped दिखता है
  • Osteopenia, bones transparent/less dense दिखती हैं
  • Bowing deformity visible

इलाज

Vitamin D supplementation

Stoss Therapy (High-dose single/few doses):

  • 1,00,000 - 6,00,000 IU vitamin D single dose या कुछ divided doses में (age और severity पर depend)
  • Doctor supervision ज़रूरी

Daily supplementation:

  • 2000-5000 IU daily, 8-12 weeks
  • फिर maintenance dose, 400-1000 IU daily

Calcium supplementation

  • 500-1000 mg daily (age dependent)
  • Calcium carbonate syrup/tablets

Diet improvement

  • दूध और dairy products बढ़ाएं — 2 glasses दूध daily minimum
  • रागी, excellent calcium source
  • Eggs, vitamin D source
  • Fortified foods — vitamin D fortified milk, cereals

Sunlight exposure

  • Daily 20-30 minutes direct sunlight, arms और legs expose
  • Best time: 10 AM - 2 PM (UV-B rays strongest)
  • Sunscreen उस time लगाने की ज़रूरत नहीं (20-30 minutes sufficient है, skin damage risk minimal)
  • Winter और polluted cities में supplement ज्यादा ज़रूरी because sunlight alone enough नहीं

Recovery timeline

  • Blood markers (calcium, ALP, PTH), 6-8 weeks में improve
  • X-ray changes — 3-6 months में healing दिखती है
  • Bone deformity, mild cases में naturally correct होती है as bones strengthen
  • Severe bowing, अगर बच्चा 6-7 साल का है और deformity significant है, तो guided growth surgery consider की जाती है

Prevention — सबसे ज़रूरी

  • Newborns: 400 IU vitamin D daily supplement, birth से शुरू (especially breastfed babies)
  • Infants 6+ months: Vitamin D + calcium-rich foods introduce
  • Toddlers और बच्चे: Daily outdoor play, minimum 30 minutes
  • Dairy daily: 2 glasses दूध + दही/पनीर
  • Annual vitamin D check — especially urban children, dark skin tone
  • Pregnant women: Vitamin D supplement लें, baby की bone health गर्भ में शुरू होती है

Doctor से कब मिलें?

  • बच्चे के पैर टेढ़े दिखें
  • Walking delay (15 months तक न चल पाए)
  • बच्चा बहुत irritable रहता हो बिना कारण
  • Growth rate slow हो, height percentile गिर रही हो
  • बार-बार fractures हो रहे हों
  • Wrists या knees unusually wide दिखें
  • Vitamin D test <20 ng/mL आए

Rickets preventable है — Vitamin D supplement और calcium-rich diet से ये condition होनी ही नहीं चाहिए। अगर आपका बच्चा mostly indoor रहता है, vitamin D supplement ज़रूर दें। ये छोटा कदम बच्चे की हड्डियों और overall growth के लिए बहुत बड़ा difference बनाता है।

Medical Disclaimer

The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only and should not be considered as medical advice. Please consult Dr. Ankur Singh or a qualified healthcare professional for personalized medical guidance.

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